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The First AI to Defeat a Human in Chess Was Not a Supercomputer

In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue, a supercomputer specifically designed for chess, defeated the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match. What's surprising is that the AI that actually contributed to Deep Blue's success was not the supercomputer itself, but a smaller AI called "Chip Test" that ran on a single desktop computer. This AI was responsible for testing and calibrating the chess engine's moves, helping Deep Blue ultimately win the match.